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Instructions on how to analyze corporate financial statements

Not only accountants – but also directors, investors, banks, shareholders… all need to understand and rely on financial reports to make accurate decisions. Therefore, understanding and analyzing corporate financial reports is an important and indispensable step in the process of corporate governance – whether it is a startup, small and medium-sized enterprise or large corporation. 

This article by Bizzi will provide useful information on how to analyze corporate financial reports, helping leaders have a comprehensive view of the financial situation of the business to make accurate and timely decisions.

What is corporate financial statement analysis and why is it an essential skill?

Không chỉ là việc “xem số liệu”, cách phân tích báo cáo tài chính doanh nghiệp giúp biến dữ liệu kế toán thành chiến lược hành động thực tế. Nếu kế toán viên chỉ lập báo cáo mà không phân tích, tức là bạn mới chỉ hoàn thành 50% công việc tài chính.

Definition of Corporate Financial Statement Analysis 

Corporate financial reporting is the process of reviewing, evaluating and interpreting information presented in financial statements to measure the performance, profitability, financial position and potential risks of a business.

This process is based on data in basic financial reports (Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flow Statement, Notes to Financial Statements) combined with analytical methods (comparison, financial ratios, trends, structures, etc.) to provide objective assessments and support management, investment or credit decisions.

The Importance of Corporate Financial Statement Analysis for Every Position in a Company

Analyzing corporate financial statements is not only the job of the accounting department but also a strategic tool for all departments and leadership levels. Each position in the organization has a different perspective and need to exploit financial information, thereby forming accurate and timely decisions.

Financial statements are “maps” that help management determine the current position and future direction of the business. Through analysis, managers can:

Investors need a comprehensive picture of a company’s profitability and growth before investing. Financial statement analysis helps them:

When providing goods or services, suppliers need to ensure that their partners are able to pay on time. Financial statement analysis helps them:

financial-report-analysis
Analyzing corporate financial statements is not only the job of the accounting department but also a strategic tool serving all departments and leadership levels.

In the era of strong AI development, the application of technology solutions helps businesses process data faster, more accurately and more transparently than ever. A comprehensive financial management platform like Bizzi brings many outstanding benefits:

Bizzi not only serves the accounting department but is also the platform for the entire business to operate based on. Accurate, transparent and easily accessible financial data, creating sustainable competitive advantages in the market.

Core Financial Statements to Understand

Financial statements are not just a collection of dry numbers prepared according to accounting regulations, but a tool that reflects the “health” and “blood” of a business. They allow managers, investors, banks, suppliers, etc. to understand the overall picture of the financial situation, thereby making accurate decisions.

According to Vietnamese Accounting Standards (VAS), a basic set of financial statements includes four components: Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flow Statement and Notes to Financial Statements. Of these, the first three are the backbone of the analysis process.

Below is a complete summary of all types of financial reports in enterprises, including mandatory reports according to Vietnamese Accounting Standards (VAS):

Balance Sheet (BSC): A Snapshot of Financial Health

The balance sheet shows all the assets a business owns and the capital used to create those assets at a specific point in time (for example, December 31 of the fiscal year).

A company A has short term assets 200 billion, short-term debt 150 billion → Current ratio = 200/150 = 1.33This shows that the company has enough short-term solvency but the margin of safety is not too high.

Business performance report (BCKQHDKD): Assessing profitability

This report reflects revenue, expenses, and profits over an accounting period (month, quarter, or year).

Company B has revenue 500 billion, cost price 350 billion → gross profit 150 billion → Gross profit margin = 150/500 = 30%. If this ratio is higher than the industry average (25%), it indicates good cost control or premium product positioning.

The income statement reflects revenue, expenses, and profits over an accounting period (month, quarter, or year).

Cash Flow Statement (BCLCTT): Live Cash Flow Analysis

BCLCTT shows the actual cash flow in and out of a business during a period.

Company C has CFO = +80 billion, CFI = -50 billion, CFF = -20 billion → net cash flow = +10 billion. This shows that the company generates money from operations, uses most of it to invest and pay down debt, and still has cash left over.

Thuyết minh báo cáo tài chính: “Cuốn sổ tay” giải thích các con số

With the above problem, Bizzi's solution helps automate and streamline the process of managing costs, invoices, and debts, ensuring that input data for these reports is always accurate and updated in real time. Specifically:

Professional methods and techniques for analyzing corporate financial statements

To comprehensively assess the performance and financial health of a business, financial professionals, management accountants, investors, banks and auditors often apply many different methods and techniques of financial statement analysis. Each method has its own advantages and is often combined to ensure a multi-dimensional perspective.

Methods of financial statement analysis

Financial statement analysis techniques

Guide to analyzing important financial indicators

Below is a detailed guide on how to analyze important financial indicators in corporate financial reports, applicable to both finance and accounting students and managers who want to understand the business's performance.

Solvency Analysis – Can the Business Pay Its Debt?

If your business is looking for the optimal solution to the problem of debt management and wants to improve work efficiency, Bizzi is a reliable choice with modern technology and diverse features, helping you to confidently develop a sustainable business.

Bizzi provides a smart debt management solution with comprehensive features such as accurate debt control, automatic debt reminders, detailed management of customers and suppliers, multi-dimensional reports on debt status and debt age. With Bizzi, debt management is no longer a burden but becomes a competitive advantage for businesses. 

Bizzi's automated debt management platform for businesses helps solve all problems in debt processing and collection, effectively controls cash flow, minimizes financial risks and improves the productivity of the accounting department. 

Performance Analysis – Is the business running well?

Profitability Analysis – Is the business making a profit?

This group of indicators answers the question “How much profit does the business generate for each dollar of revenue or assets or capital invested?”

Cash Flow Analysis – Is the cash flow stable and sustainable?

Cash flow is the "blood" of a business. Many companies report profits on paper but still go bankrupt due to lack of cash.

Important notes to perform accurate financial statement analysis

Below are important notes to help accountants or managers analyze corporate financial reports accurately, professionally and in depth, avoiding common errors when reading data:

Comparison over time and with competitors

Trend Analysis:

Compare with competitors in the same industry (Benchmarking):

Consider the point in time and period nature of the data

Balance sheet:

Income Statement & Cash Flow Statement:

Assessing the reliability and influence of external factors

Choosing effective analysis support tools

In the context of businesses needing to make quick and accurate decisions, using Excel alone to prepare and analyze financial reports may no longer be enough. Bizzi offers a comprehensive cost control solution, integrated with a financial-accounting AI assistant, helping businesses:

With Bizzi's support, the Finance and Accounting department can transform itself from a "numbers keeper" to a "strategic partner in decision making."

Conclude

In short, analyzing a company's financial statements is not just an accounting task, but the foundation for making smart and strategic business decisions. Mastering this skill helps businesses continuously develop and maintain their competitive position.

Việc ứng dụng các giải pháp công nghệ tự động hóa như Bizzi sẽ giúp quá trình quản lý và phân tích tài chính trở nên hiệu quả, chính xác và minh bạch hơn bao giờ hết. Bizzi cung cấp một hệ thống kiểm soát chi phí toàn diện và trợ lý AI cho phòng tài chính – kế toán, giúp doanh nghiệp có dữ liệu real-time, chính xác để hỗ trợ phân tích và đưa ra quyết định nhanh chóng, đáng tin cậy.

To get advice and design a financial management solution specifically for your business, register for consultation here: https://bizzi.vn/dat-lich-demo/

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