{"id":999980128,"date":"2026-03-05T17:59:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T10:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/?p=999980128"},"modified":"2026-06-03T23:31:30","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T16:31:30","slug":"principles-for-determining-exchange-rates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/","title":{"rendered":"How to build an internal exchange rate policy and automate foreign currency reconciliation."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the context of Vietnamese businesses increasingly engaging in multi-currency transactions, exchange rate discrepancies not only affect accounting profits but also have repercussions. <\/span><b>Tax exchange rate difference risk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when settling corporate income tax. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the CFO, the challenge isn&#039;t about &quot;which exchange rate to record,&quot; but about designing a system. <\/span><b>internal exchange rate policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Clearly, it complies with the exchange rate regulations of Circular 99 and is automatically integrated into <a href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/erp-la-gi-phan-mem-erp-mang-lai-loi-ich-gi-cho-doanh-nghiep\/\">ERP system<\/a> to reduce operational errors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article provides a comprehensive analysis from <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Principles for determining exchange rates<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This includes selecting the book exchange rate and automating foreign exchange reconciliation according to modern management standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#Nguyen_tac_xac_dinh_ty_gia_giao_dich_thuc_te_theo_Thong_tu_99\" >Principles for determining the actual exchange rate according to Circular 99<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#Cach_ap_dung_ty_gia_mua_ban_chuyen_khoan_trung_binh_trong_hach_toan\" >How to apply the average buying and selling exchange rate for transfers in accounting.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#Phuong_phap_lua_chon_ty_gia_ghi_so_toi_uu_cho_doanh_nghiep\" >Methods for selecting the optimal book exchange rate for businesses.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#Cach_xay_dung_chinh_sach_ty_gia_noi_bo_va_bien_do_xap_xi_1\" >How to construct an internal exchange rate policy and approximate band of 1%<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#Quan_tri_rui_ro_chenh_lech_ty_gia_thue_va_quyet_toan_TNDN\" >Managing exchange rate differences for tax purposes and corporate income tax settlement.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#Bo_cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_nguyen_tac_xac_dinh_ty_gia_giao_dich\" >Frequently Asked Questions about the Principles of Determining Exchange Rates\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#1_Thong_tu_99_co_bat_buoc_bo_ty_gia_muaban_theo_Thong_tu_200_khong\" >1. Does Circular 99 mandate the removal of the buying\/selling exchange rates stipulated in Circular 200?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#2_Lam_sao_de_xac_dinh_ngan_hang_%E2%80%9Cthuong_xuyen_giao_dich%E2%80%9D\" >2. How can I identify a bank I &quot;frequently transact with&quot;?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#3_Lo_ty_gia_khi_danh_gia_lai_cuoi_ky_co_duoc_tinh_vao_chi_phi_hop_ly_khong\" >3. Are exchange rate losses resulting from year-end revaluation considered deductible expenses?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#4_Doanh_nghiep_co_duoc_thay_doi_ty_gia_ghi_so_trong_nam_tai_chinh_khong\" >4. Can a business change its book exchange rate during the fiscal year?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/principles-for-determining-exchange-rates\/#Ket_luan_Chinh_sach_ty_gia_noi_bo_la_%E2%80%9Chang_rao_phong_thu%E2%80%9D_cua_CFO\" >Conclusion: Internal exchange rate policy is a &quot;defense mechanism&quot; for CFOs.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac_xac_dinh_ty_gia_giao_dich_thuc_te_theo_Thong_tu_99\"><\/span><b>Principles for determining the actual exchange rate according to Circular 99<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Circular 99 on exchange rates, the actual transaction exchange rate is the average buying and selling rate for transfers at the bank where the business regularly conducts transactions. Businesses are allowed to apply this rate uniformly to both debit and credit accounts, instead of differentiating between buying and selling rates as before.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Formula for determining exchange rate: Transaction rate = (Buying rate + Selling rate)\/2<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This change helps reduce accounting pressure and simplifies configuration. <a href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/erp-la-gi-phan-mem-erp-mang-lai-loi-ich-gi-cho-doanh-nghiep\/\">ERP<\/a> This reduces confusion when converting between Circular 200 and the exchange rate regulations in Circular 99. However, if the wrong &quot;regularly transacting bank&quot; is selected, the entire foreign currency balance may be inaccurate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The concept of &quot;frequently transacted bank&quot; is not merely qualitative. From a management perspective, the CFO should quantify it based on the actual transaction volume, for example, a bank that accounts for over 50% payment volume in the last 6\u201312 months.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_999980131\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-999980131\" style=\"width: 1500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-999980131 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-3.jpg\" alt=\"Principles for Determining Exchange Rates\" width=\"1500\" height=\"860\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-3.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-3-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-3-1024x587.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-3-768x440.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-3-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-999980131\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Principles for determining the actual exchange rate.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_ap_dung_ty_gia_mua_ban_chuyen_khoan_trung_binh_trong_hach_toan\"><\/span><b>How to apply the average buying and selling exchange rate for transfers in accounting.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The average exchange rate used for transfers is used to record all transactions denominated in foreign currency during the period, including asset purchases, expenses, or revenue. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The CFO needs to decide between using daily exchange rates or weekly\/monthly approximate rates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The difference between the accounting exchange rate and the actual exchange rate at the bank can be measured as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Variance(%)=|Rate actual \u2013 Rate average)\/Rage Average| *100<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the cumulative discrepancy is large, the earnings report will be highly volatile.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One less-discussed point is the &quot;intermediate currency.&quot; In cases where banks don&#039;t publish direct exchange rates between two currencies, businesses must convert using USD as an intermediary. Without an automated system, this can create a chain reaction of errors.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_lua_chon_ty_gia_ghi_so_toi_uu_cho_doanh_nghiep\"><\/span><b>Methods for selecting the optimal book exchange rate for businesses.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choosing the book exchange rate determines the value of the foreign currency issued during payment. <a href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/no-phai-tra-la-gi\">liabilities<\/a> or recall <a href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/cong-no-la-gi-khai-niem-phan-loai-tam-quan-trong-va-cach-quan-ly-hieu-qua\/\">accounts receivable<\/a>Businesses typically choose between a specific exchange rate or a moving weighted average.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moving weighted average formula:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Morning Average Rate=(ValueExisting\u200b+ValueNew\u200b)\/(QtyExisting\u200b+QtyNew\u200b)<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The book exchange rate system operates similarly to inventory management. Each payment is a &quot;withdrawal&quot; of foreign currency from inventory. If the wrong method is chosen, the realized FX gain\/loss ratio will be distorted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For large foreign currency loans in the Project Finance project, the specific identification method accurately reflects the cash flow of each contract. However, for businesses with high transaction frequency, the moving weighted average is often more optimal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_xay_dung_chinh_sach_ty_gia_noi_bo_va_bien_do_xap_xi_1\"><\/span><b>How to construct an internal exchange rate policy and approximate band of 1%<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internal exchange rate policies must clearly specify the reference bank, update frequency, and permissible deviation margin. According to Circular 99, businesses are allowed to use approximate exchange rates if they do not exceed +\/- 1% compared to the standard rate. <\/span><b>average exchange rate for buying and selling transfers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Control formula:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Internal buying rate = Base rate x (1-Frequency margin)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Internal selling exchange rate = Base exchange rate x (1 + Margin)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If this threshold is exceeded without adjustment, the expense may be disallowed during tax settlement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a CFO&#039;s perspective, the internal exchange rate policy acts as a &quot;safe harbor,&quot; protecting the company during audits. The audit trail should take note of this:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily reference exchange rate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reasons for choosing approximate exchange rates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The person who approved the adjustments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bizzi allows for the establishment of rule-based 1% limit controls, automatically flagging over-limit transactions and tracking approvals. This ensures compliance and minimizes risk. <\/span><b>Tax exchange rate difference risk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_999980129\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-999980129\" style=\"width: 1073px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-999980129 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-1.png\" alt=\"Principles for Determining Exchange Rates\" width=\"1073\" height=\"559\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-1.png 1073w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-1-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-1-1024x533.png 1024w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-1-768x400.png 768w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-1-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1073px) 100vw, 1073px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-999980129\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Internal exchange rate policies must clearly specify the reference bank, the frequency of updates, and the permissible margin of error.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quan_tri_rui_ro_chenh_lech_ty_gia_thue_va_quyet_toan_TNDN\"><\/span><b>Managing exchange rate differences for tax purposes and corporate income tax settlement.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax exchange rate risk primarily arises from the revaluation of monetary items at the end of the period. Exchange rate losses from the revaluation of cash and accounts receivable are typically not included in the calculation. <a href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/cac-chi-phi-duoc-tru-khi-tinh-thue-tndn\/\">Deductible expenses when calculating corporate income tax.<\/a>. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CFOs need to clearly distinguish between &quot;realized&quot; and &quot;unrealized&quot; profit\/loss. Failure to do so correctly can lead to underpayment of taxes and penalties under Article 20%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/thong-tu-99-2025\/\"><b>Comparing Circular 200 and Circular 99<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Index<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Circular 200<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Circular 99<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Risks for CFOs<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exchange rate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distinguishing between buying and selling.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average transfer<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Confusion during conversion<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Approximate range<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hollow<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+\/- 1%<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expenses will be disallowed if exceeded.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Final evaluation<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buy\/Sell separately<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average homogeneity<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balance discrepancies<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bo_cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_nguyen_tac_xac_dinh_ty_gia_giao_dich\"><\/span><b>Frequently Asked Questions about the Principles of Determining Exchange Rates\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below is a summary of answers to related questions to provide more information on the principles for determining exchange rates as well as average buy-sell transfer rates.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Thong_tu_99_co_bat_buoc_bo_ty_gia_muaban_theo_Thong_tu_200_khong\"><\/span><strong>1. Does Circular 99 mandate the removal of the buying\/selling exchange rates stipulated in Circular 200?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While not mandatory, using the average exchange rate for transfers is encouraged to simplify operations and reduce discrepancies between accounting and tax purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/tai-lieu\/thong-tu-99-2025-tt-btc\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circular 99\/2022\/TT-BTC<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses can apply principles to determine exchange rates in a more consistent, transparent, and easily controllable manner. Meanwhile, Circular 200\/2014\/TT-BTC still allows for the differentiation of buying and selling rates depending on the nature of the transaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a CFO&#039;s perspective, maintaining both approaches simultaneously would increase operational complexity and foreign exchange reconciliation. Therefore, many businesses choose to adjust their internal exchange rate policy to use the average exchange rate as a consistent reference to reduce the risk of exchange rate discrepancies related to taxes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Lam_sao_de_xac_dinh_ngan_hang_%E2%80%9Cthuong_xuyen_giao_dich%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>2. How can I identify a bank I &quot;frequently transact with&quot;?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The selection of a reference bank should be based on factual data, not subjective opinions. Typically, businesses identify their frequently transacting bank based on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The highest trading frequency was in the last 6\u201312 months.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or the largest total value of foreign exchange transactions during the same period.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is an important basis when developing internal exchange rate policies, as the average buying and selling rates for transfers will be taken from this bank as the basis for recording.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the management level, the CFO should require the accounting department to periodically review the reference bank. If there are changes, clear explanations must be provided, and consistency with internally established exchange rate determination principles must be maintained.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Lo_ty_gia_khi_danh_gia_lai_cuoi_ky_co_duoc_tinh_vao_chi_phi_hop_ly_khong\"><\/span><strong>3. Are exchange rate losses resulting from year-end revaluation considered deductible expenses?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is an issue that creates many risks of tax exchange rate discrepancies if its nature is not properly understood.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to current tax regulations:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exchange rate losses due to the revaluation of liabilities at the end of the period: these are deductible expenses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exchange rate losses on cash and accounts receivable: not deductible as reasonable expenses, and will be disallowed during tax settlement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This point is particularly important in the context of businesses with large USD debt or foreign currency borrowing transactions. If the chosen book exchange rate is inconsistent, or there is no separate tracking system for each item, the risk of exchange rate differences in taxes can directly affect after-tax profits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Automated foreign exchange reconciliation allows CFOs to proactively simulate the impact of exchange rate revaluation before closing the books, rather than reacting reactively during the settlement process.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Doanh_nghiep_co_duoc_thay_doi_ty_gia_ghi_so_trong_nam_tai_chinh_khong\"><\/span><strong>4. Can a business change its book exchange rate during the fiscal year?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses are allowed to change their method of selecting exchange rates for book value recording, but must ensure consistency and provide clear explanations in their financial statements. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changing the domestic exchange rate policy mid-year without a reasonable explanation may be considered by tax authorities as a profit-driven adjustment, especially if it reduces tax obligations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, CFOs need to view the development of internal exchange rate policies as a component of financial risk management, not just a purely accounting decision. An automated system capable of tracking the history of exchange rate changes and policies would be crucial evidence during audits.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_999980132\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-999980132\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-999980132 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-4.png\" alt=\"Principles for Determining Exchange Rates\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-4.png 800w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-4-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-4-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nguyen-tac-xac-dinh-ty-gia-giao-dich-4-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-999980132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A clear internal exchange rate policy, compliance with Circular 99&#039;s exchange rate regulations, and automatic integration into the ERP system will help reduce operational errors.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan_Chinh_sach_ty_gia_noi_bo_la_%E2%80%9Chang_rao_phong_thu%E2%80%9D_cua_CFO\"><\/span><b>Conclusion: Internal exchange rate policy is a &quot;defense mechanism&quot; for CFOs.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a multi-currency environment, compliance is crucial. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Principles for determining exchange rates<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, apply correctly <\/span><b>average exchange rate for buying and selling transfers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clear design <\/span><b>internal exchange rate policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Choosing the appropriate book exchange rate not only helps to make financial reporting transparent but also minimizes <\/span><b>Tax exchange rate difference risk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, if the entire process remains manual, the risk of errors is unavoidable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When exchange rates are controlled automatically and consistently, the finance department is no longer reactive to market fluctuations or tax audits. Instead, the CFO can focus on risk mitigation strategies and optimizing capital structure \u2013 the true role of a modern financial manager.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><b>To receive personalized financial management solutions tailored to your business, schedule an appointment with an expert here: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/dang-ky-dung-thu\/\"><b>https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/dang-ky-dung-thu\/<\/b><\/a><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam giao d\u1ecbch \u0111a ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, vi\u1ec7c sai l\u1ec7ch t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":999980130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-999980128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-so-tay-ke-toan"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/999980128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=999980128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/999980128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":999980133,"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/999980128\/revisions\/999980133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/999980130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=999980128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=999980128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizzi.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=999980128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}